Additionally, more than 10,000 invertebrate species are present, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. The 38th Annual Montana Aviation Conference will be held at the Billings Hotel and Convention Center located at 1223 Mullowney Lane, Billngs, Montana 59101. [85], The divide's northern section, where the mountains rapidly give way to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain Front. Montana's Official State Website - VISITOR INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT RESIDENTS BUSINESS ONLINE SERVICES GOVERNMENT VISITING ABOUT MONTANA EDUCATION STATE CAREERS JOB SEEKER RESOURCES INFORMATION AND RESOURCES MONTANA JOB SERVICE RESOURCES INTERACT WITH YOUR STATE GOVERNMENT Senator in 1978). Between 1988 and 2006, the pattern flipped, with voters more likely to elect conservatives to federal offices. The first claim by a woman was made near Warm Springs Creek by Gwenllian Evans, the daughter of Deer Lodge Montana pioneer, Morgan Evans. In addition, Montana was going through a temporary period of higher-than-average precipitation. [61] In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. [27] In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of bison herds to deprive Native people of their source of food. The constitution requires the establishment of a Montana Supreme Court and Montana District Courts, and permits the legislature to establish Justice Courts, City Courts, Municipal Courts, and other inferior courts such as the legislature sees fit to establish. Eight smaller communities have airports designated for commercial service under the Essential Air Service program.[302]. Historic tribes encountered by Europeans and settlers from the United States included the Crow in the south-central area, the Cheyenne in the southeast, the Blackfeet, Assiniboine, and Gros Ventres in the central and north-central area, and the Kootenai and Salish in the west. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. Historically, Republicans are strongest in the east, while Democrats are strongest in the west. Every gift, no matter the size, helps Montana State fulfill its land grant mission and provides unparalleled educational opportunities for future generations. 20072011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates", "Some Shifts In 2010 Census Numbers Due to Boundary Changes, Not All Growth", "Spokane, Montana's Kentucky Derby Winner", "State Fish Blackspotted Cutthroat Trout", "State Fish, Montana Code Annotated: 1-1-507", "TITLE 1. [297][298] Montana's largest circulating daily city newspapers are the Billings Gazette (circulation 39,405), Great Falls Tribune (26,733), and Missoulian (25,439).[299]. Eastern Montana comprises plains and badlands, broken by hills and isolated mountain ranges, and has a semi-arid, continental climate (Kppen climate classification BSk). The table below lists average temperatures for the warmest and coldest month for Montana's seven largest cities. This caused great hardship for farmers, ranchers, and miners. [109] Known as laccoliths, they formed when igneous rock protruded through cracks in the sedimentary rock. Read on for our top 15 places to visit in Montana in 2022. [48] This combination of advertising and changes in the Homestead Act drew tens of thousands of homesteaders, lured by free land, with World War I bringing particularly high wheat prices. The state provides epic scenery, crowd-free terrain, a burgeoning food and drink scene, and some of Americas most breathtakingly stunning national parks. [276][277] The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, which protects wildlife habitat and promotes hunting heritage, was founded in Montana. [130] From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks to Fort Peck reservoir. [68][69], By the time the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. It is one of five states to have no sales tax.[317]. [292], As of 2010, Missoula is the 166th largest media market in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research, while Billings is 170th, Great Falls is 190th, the Butte/Bozeman area 191st, and Helena is 206th. [70], In 1940, Jeannette Rankin was again elected to Congress. [86] The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. [171], Average annual precipitation is 15 inches (380mm), but great variations are seen. Montana is one of the eight Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. Routes 2 and 12 and Montana Highway 200 also traverse the entire state from east to west. Montana currently has 129 active incorporated municipalities, of which 76 are towns, 51 are cities and 2 are consolidated city and county governments. Many species of mushrooms and lichens[154] are also found in the state. [184] During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which had a 32% increase in its population from 2000 to 2010. Its size is comparable to countries such as Norway, Zimbabwe, and Japan. [323] The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Its capital is Helena. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and more than 57,000 joined up before the war ended. In late 1962, missiles assigned to the 341st Strategic Missile Wing played a major role in the Cuban Missile Crisis. They say it will stay with you forever. The aptly-named Heart of Montana is an outdoor recreation paradise: hunting, fishing, skiing, hiking and biking are just a few of the possibilities for those of you who enjoy the great outdoors. According to the Pew Research Center in 2014, the religious affiliations of the people of Montana were predominantly Christian; in the state, Christianity was 65% of the total adult population. There are junior ice hockey teams in Montana, three of which are affiliated with the North American 3 Hockey League: the Bozeman Icedogs, Great Falls Americans, and Helena Bighorns. Billings [110] Surface soils in the area are highly diverse, and greatly affected by the local geology, whether glaciated plain, intermountain basin, mountain foothills, or tableland. View Montana Towns By Population. All waters in Montana west of the divide flow into the Columbia River. Gold output between 1862 and 1876 reached $144million, after which silver became even more important. [24] The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891. In addition, Amtrak's Empire Builder train runs through the north of the state, stopping in Libby, Whitefish, West Glacier, Essex, East Glacier Park, Browning, Cut Bank, Shelby, Havre, Malta, Glasgow, and Wolf Point. Elementary and secondary education are overseen by the Office of Public Instruction (led by the elected superintendent of public instruction), in cooperation with the governor-appointed Board of Public Education. [162] The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species of game fish, including seven species of trout, walleye, and smallmouth bass[163] and at least 29 species of game birds and animals including ring-neck pheasant, grey partridge, elk, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, whitetail deer, gray wolf, and bighorn sheep.[164]. [55], As World War I broke out, Jeannette Rankin, representative of Montana and the first woman in the United States to be a member of Congress, voted against the United States' declaration of war. [113] Tablelands are often topped with argillite gravel and weathered quartzite, occasionally underlain by shale. Temperatures vary greatly on cold nights, and Helena, 40 miles (64km) to the southeast had a low of only 36F or 37.8C on the same date, and an all-time record low of 42F or 41.1C. [210] South Dakota passed similar legislation in 2007, and Wisconsin was working to strengthen its own program based on this modeland the current practices of Montana's schools. The richest of all gold placer diggings was discovered at Alder Gulch, where the town of Virginia City was established. [316] It is an equitable distribution and no-fault divorce state. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. [11] When Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory. For the song by Chris Whitley, see, Map of the United States with Montana highlighted, Reporting statehood from Helena: Full article text is. Montana is a state in the United States. Montana (/mntn/ (listen)) is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. In 1985, the Montana Legislature passed a law allowing towns with fewer than 5,500 residents and unincorporated communities with fewer than 2,500 to levy a resort tax if more than half the community's income came from tourism. Around 1500 Montanans died as a result of the war and 2437 were wounded, also higher than any other state on a per capita basis. [173] Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. The constitution was narrowly approved, 116,415 to 113,883, and declared ratified on June 20, 1972. The Courts of Montana are established by the Constitution of Montana. The Office of the Commissioner of Higher Education acts in an executive capacity on behalf of the regents and oversees the state-run Montana University System. The Worker's Compensation Court has statewide jurisdiction and holds trials in Billings, Great Falls, Helena, Kalispell, and Missoula. [273] Robert Redford's 1992 film of Norman Mclean's novel, A River Runs Through It, was filmed in Montana and brought national attention to fly fishing and the state. [202], In the 2015 United States census estimates, Montana had the second-highest percentage of U.S. military veterans living there. Land United States: The northern Mountain region Montana The western two-fifths of Montana falls within the Rocky Mountains, and the eastern three-fifths lies upon the Great Plains. The Kerguelen Islands are antipodal to the MontanaSaskatchewanAlberta border. The Water Court consists of a chief water judge and four district water judges (Lower Missouri River Basin, Upper Missouri River Basin, Yellowstone River Basin, and Clark Fork River Basin). [307][308], In 1971, Montana voters approved the call for a state constitutional convention. Montana contains Glacier National Park, "The Crown of the Continent", and parts of Yellowstone National Park, including three of the park's five entrances. [92] The Beartooth Plateau is the largest continuous land mass over 10,000 feet (3,000m) high in the continental United States. BEARFACTS. Montana has quickly become a coveted travel destination. [77][78] The Absaroka and Beartooth ranges in the state's south-central part are technically part of the Central Rocky Mountains. Is Montana a good place to live? [45] Though the word "honyocker", possibly derived from the ethnic slur "hunyak",[50] was applied in a derisive manner at homesteaders as being "greenhorns", "new at his business", or "unprepared",[51] most of these new settlers had farming experience, though many did not.[52]. [57] In 1910, the Great Falls land office alone had more than a thousand homestead filings per month,[58] and at the peak of 19171918 it had 14,000 new homesteads each year. Montana's Official State Website - Home Featured Resources Election Results File Your Tax Return or Where's my Refund File Upload for W-2s, 1099s & MW-3s Montana REAL ID File an Unemployment Claim Online Driver License Renewal Education Donation Portal Search for a Job Renew your Professional License Hunting Information Register A Business View Montana Towns By Population. [81] About 60 percent of the state is prairie, part of the northern Great Plains. Several species of sagebrush and cactus and many species of grasses are common. This extremely disproportionate ratio of residents paying taxes vs. non-residents using state-funded services and infrastructure makes Montana's resort tax crucial in order to safely maintain heavily used roads and highways, as well as protect and preserve state parks. Montana is one of the best spots in North America for seeing wildlife. Montana: Directed by Jennifer Leitzes. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres were usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. [122] If Hudson Bay is considered part of the Arctic Ocean, Triple Divide Peak is the only place on Earth with drainage to three different oceans. Sidney Edgerton served as the first territorial governor. A 12th nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls; it is recognized by the state of Montana, but not by the U.S. government. This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 15:52. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. [234], In the 1980s the absence of a sales tax became economically deleterious to communities bound to the state's tourism industry, as the revenue from income and property taxes provided by residents was grossly insignificant in regards to paying for the impact of non-residential travelespecially road repair. Matt Rosendale is the current officeholder. where two continental divides intersect). Our state profiles bring you all key population characteristics of your state and your county on one page. "[9][10] Montaa del Norte was the name given by early Spanish explorers to the entire mountainous region of the west. Among Montana's most historically prominent senators are Thomas J. Walsh (serving from 1913 to 1933), who was President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt's choice for attorney general when he died; Burton K. Wheeler (serving from 1923 to 1947), an oft-mentioned presidential candidate and strong supporter of isolationism; Mike Mansfield, the longest-serving Senate majority leader in U.S. history; Max Baucus (served 1978 to 2014), longest-serving U.S. senator in Montana history, and the senator who shepherded the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act through the Senate in 2010; and Lee Metcalf (served 1961 to 1978), a pioneer of the environmental movement. Our state profiles bring you all key population characteristics of your state and your county on one page. [172] The glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded and are predicted to melt away completely in a few decades. In turn, pro-War groups formed, such as the Montana Council of Defense, created by Governor Samuel V. Stewart and local "loyalty committees". [25], The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke in 1866, on the Missouri River, to protect steamboat traffic to Fort Benton. Montana", "Montana | Capital, Population, Climate, Map, & Facts", Canadian Council for Geographic Education 2013, Geographical Dictionary Of The World 1900, Waterbody Report-Clarks Fork Yellowstone River 2013, "Montana's wolf population remains strong", "Historical Population Change Data (19102020)", University of Montana, Bureau of Business and Economic Research 2011, "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Montana; United States", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "Population of Montana - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts", Census Bureau-Annual Estimates of Race 2012, Montana Office of Public Instruction 2009, "Montana Constitution, Article X, section 1", "Montana Schools Try to Keep Indian Students Engaged by Teaching Indian Culture to All", "National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 64, Number 1, January 15, 2015", "National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 64, Number 12, December 23, 2015 (The general fertility rate for 2014 on page 4 was corrected to read 62.9 on December 23, 2015. New - 6 hours ago. Montana Shakespeare in the Parks has been performing free, live theatrical productions of Shakespeare and other classics throughout Montana and the Northwest region since 1973. Discover miles of inspiration here, and find out for yourself. The president signed and issued the proclamation declaring Montana a state of the union at 10:40 o'clock this morning. [242] Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed the first public school in Virginia City in 1886. The smaller Pend d'Oreille and Kalispel tribes lived near Flathead Lake and the western mountains, respectively. [72] Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced on September 3, 2015, that Virginia Class attack submarine SSN-794 will become the second commissioned warship to bear the name. Essential Montana Stay A mix of the charming, modern, and tried and true. Montana currently has 129 active incorporated municipalities, of which 76 are towns, 51 are cities and 2 are consolidated city and county governments. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. Most of the larger cities get 30 to 50 inches or 0.76 to 1.27 meters of snow each year. [22] In 1869 and 1870 respectively, the CookFolsomPeterson and the WashburnLangfordDoane Expeditions were launched from Helena into the Upper Yellowstone region. Montana's teacher shortage has improved from the 2021-22 school year. Historically, U.S. Route 10 was the primary eastwest highway route across Montana, connecting the major cities in the southern half of the state. East and north of this transition zone are the expansive and sparsely populated Northern Plains, with tableland prairies, smaller island mountain ranges, and badlands. [274] Fishing makes up a sizeable component of Montana's total tourism economic output: in 2017, nonresidents generated $4.7 billion in economic output, of which, $1.3 billion was generated by visitor groups participating in guided fishing experiences.[275]. Montana public health agencies continue to assist communities in responding to COVID-19. When a suitcase full of money disappears, the members of the gang quickly turn on each other. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose rivers form parts of three major watersheds (i.e. [55] Then, the droughts of 19171921 proved devastating. This changed in 1959 when Lee Enterprises bought several Montana newspapers. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). Federal and state agencies administer approximately 31,300,000 acres (127,000km2), or 35 percent of Montana's land. The Blackfeet nation is headquartered on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (1851) in Browning, Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation (1868)[207] in Crow Agency, Confederated Salish and Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille on the Flathead Indian Reservation (1855) in Pablo, Northern Cheyenne on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (1884) at Lame Deer, Assiniboine and Gros Ventre on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (1888) in Fort Belknap Agency, Assiniboine and Sioux on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (1888) at Poplar, and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (1916) near Box Elder. Trapping of assorted fur-bearing animals is allowed in certain seasons and many opportunities exist for migratory waterfowl and upland bird hunting. On August 1, 1917, he was dragged from his boarding house by masked vigilantes, and hanged from a railroad trestle, considered a lynching. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. The coldest month varies between December and January depending on location, although figures are similar throughout. The Anaconda Copper Company, which was at its historic peak of copper production,[64] was an extremely powerful force in Montana, but it also faced criticism and opposition from socialist newspapers and unions struggling to make gains for their members. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. [167], The climate has become warmer in Montana[when?] There are 22 judicial districts in Montana, served by 56 District Courts and 46 District Court judges. From statehood in 1889 until 1913, Montana was represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single representative, elected at-large. [212] The state was sued in 2004 because of lack of funding, and the state has increased its support of the program. [231] Significant industries exist for lumber and mineral extraction; the state's resources include gold, coal, silver, talc, and vermiculite. Brokered by 4 Seasons Real Estate. The first constitution was drafted by a constitutional convention in 1889, in preparation for statehood. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). The first permanent settlement by Euro-Americans in what today is Montana was St. Mary's, established in 1841 near present-day Stevensville. [120][121] Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. [211] For kindergarten through 12th-grade students, an "Indian Education for All" curriculum from the Montana Office of Public Instruction is available free to all schools. A random draw grants a limited number of permits for moose, mountain goats and bighorn sheep. She referred to Butte throughout the rest of her career and remains a controversial figure there for her mixture of criticism and love for Butte and its people. [203], Montana's Hispanic population is concentrated in the Billings area in south-central Montana, where many of Montana's Mexican-Americans have been in the state for generations. [23] While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led Whites to believe the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions. Email agent. However, since 1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time, and Republican governors 40 percent of the time. We love all of Montana! Three former Montana politicians have been named judges on the U.S. District Court: Charles Nelson Pray (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1907 to 1913), James F. Battin (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969), and Paul G. Hatfield (who served as an appointed U.S. [142] It then flows northeasterly[142] across the state through Billings, Miles City, Glendive, and Sidney. In general, the grizzly bear and Canadian lynx are not threatened species; the IUCN lists both as "least concern". [172][176] According to a study done for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, parts of Montana will experience a 200% increase in area burned by wildfires and an 80% increase in related air pollution.[178][179]. However, there are also a number of vibrant cities with a flair for cowboy culture. Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. [153] Other major reservoirs include Hungry Horse on the Flathead River; Lake Koocanusa on the Kootenai River; Lake Elwell on the Marias River; Clark Canyon on the Beaverhead River; Yellowtail on the Bighorn River, Canyon Ferry, Hauser, Holter, Rainbow; and Black Eagle on the Missouri River. Montana is the only one of the first 48 states lacking a completed battleship being named for it. Senators serve four-year terms, while Representatives serve two-year terms. Major battles occurred in Montana during Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War and in conflicts with Piegan Blackfeet. These steady 2550mph (4080km/h) (or more) winds can suddenly warm parts of Montana, especially areas just to the east of the mountains, where temperatures sometimes rise up to 5060F (10.015.6C) for 10 days or longer. [7] The economy is primarily based on agriculture, including ranching and cereal grain farming. 1 bath. The constitution of 1889 provided for the election of no fewer than three Supreme Court justices, and one chief justice. Its state capital is Helena, while the largest city is Billings. [167] Snowfall has been recorded in all months of the year in the more mountainous areas of central and western Montana, though it is rare in July and August. It also applies to "luxuries"- defined by law as any item normally sold to the public or to transient visitors or tourists that does not include food purchased unprepared or unserved, medicine, medical supplies and services, appliances, hardware supplies and tools, or any necessities of life. The Big Hole Valley,[95] Bitterroot Valley,[96] Gallatin Valley,[97] Flathead Valley,[98][99] and Paradise Valley[100] have extensive agricultural resources and multiple opportunities for tourism and recreation. Job openings are down from 2,919 in 2022 to 2,700 in 2023, but there are still more openings than in 2021. The mountains can receive over 100 inches (2,500mm), for example the Grinnell Glacier in Glacier National Park gets 105 inches (2,700mm). Its decisions may be appealed directly to the U.S. Supreme Court. Montana has some 3,000 named lakes and reservoirs, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. The U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management controls 8,100,000 acres (33,000km2) of federal land. The Clerk of the Montana Supreme Court is also an elected position and serves a six-year term. [28] By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States. Vulnerable Montana senator won't commit to re-election bid: 'Retire or lose' says state GOP. The historically mining-oriented communities of western Montana such as Butte have a wider range of European-American ethnicity; Finns, Eastern Europeans and especially Irish settlers left an indelible mark on the area, as well as people originally from British mining regions such as Cornwall, Devon, and Wales. From 1968 through 1988, the state was dominated by the Democratic Party, with Democratic governors for a 20-year period, and a Democratic majority of both the national congressional delegation and during many sessions of the state legislature. [168], Average daytime temperatures vary from 28F or 2.2C in January to 84.5F or 29.2C in July. [65] In Butte, a multiethnic community with a significant European immigrant population, labor unions, particularly the newly formed Metal Mine Workers' Union, opposed the war on grounds it mostly profited large lumber and mining interests. 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